Question 1

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   coronavirus
B)   adenovirus
C)   rhinovirus
D)   herpes simplex virus
E)   retrovirusF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Rheumatic fever is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a primary streptococcal infection with Streptococcus pyogenes
B)   a combination of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and the rheumatic fever virus
C)   a secondary streptococcal infection with a different type of streptococcus
D)   an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart
E)   both a primary viral infection and a secondary streptococcal infectionF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a purulent exudate over the tonsils
B)   it can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain
C)   it can lead to serious sequelae
D)   it is viral in origin
E)   it causes difficulty in swallowing and feverF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

Influenza vaccines include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   an inactivated dead virus
B)   the incorporation of usually three different strains
C)   an attenuated nasal drops vaccine
D)   the ability to provide lifelong immunity
E)   an overall effectiveness of 70%−90%F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The rapid microbial analysis is negative for group A Streptococcus and reveals the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen. Based upon this information, all of the following microbes can be ruled out in the diagnosis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus pyogenes
B)   Staphylococcus aureus
C)   Haemophilus influenzae
D)   Influenza AE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   injects PPD intradermally
B)   uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C)   will be positive if the person has had previous exposure to TB
D)   will be positive if the person has active TB
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of influenza?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H)  and neuraminidase (N) .
B)   Antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition.
C)   Antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands.
D)   Symptoms are very similar to the common cold.
E)   The virus can infect both humans and swine.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Pertussis outbreaks still occur in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell, whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An induration of less than 5 mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life
B)   symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever, coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats
C)   lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB
D)   the BCG vaccine is used in other countries
E)   antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosisF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Southeast
B)   Southwest
C)   East and Midwest
D)   Northeast
E)   Rocky MountainsF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endotoxin
B)   Tracheal cytotoxin
C)   M protein
D)   Pertussis toxin
E)   Filamentous hemagglutininF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 15

The patient's clinical condition deteriorates rapidly. Even without laboratory confirmation of the pathogen, the provider orders which course of treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Administration of rimantadine to treat the patient's suspected influenza
B)   Administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat the patient's suspected PCP
C)   Administration of ciprofloxacin to treat the patient's suspected pulmonary anthrax
D)   Administration of antitoxin to treat the patient's suspected diphtheriaE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   catalase
B)   reverse transcriptase
C)   hyaluronidase
D)   neuraminidase
E)   kinaseF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chest X-ray
B)   acid-fast stain of sputum
C)   sputum culture
D)   tuberculin skin test
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Legionellosis
B)   Pertussis
C)   Brucellosis
D)   Plague
E)   Traveler's diarrheaF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Complement activation - third line of defense
B)   Ciliated epithelium - first line of defense
C)   Secretory IgA - third line of defense
D)   Antimicrobial peptides - second line of defense
E)   Coughing - first line of defenseF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   its capsules
B)   metachromatic granules
C)   an exotoxin
D)   endospores
E)   an endotoxinF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Influenza vaccines include all the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell, whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An induration of less than 5 mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rapid microbial analysis is negative for group A Streptococcus and reveals the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen. Based upon this information, all of the following microbes can be ruled out in the diagnosis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient's clinical condition deteriorates rapidly. Even without laboratory confirmation of the pathogen, the provider orders which course of treatment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rheumatic fever is caused by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pertussis outbreaks still occur in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of influenza?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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