Question 1

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2
B)  hemoglobin concentration
C)  pH
D)  PO2E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary veins
B)  systemic veins (such as the femoral vein in your leg) 
C)  pulmonary arteriesD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 3

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the concentration difference
B)  changing the diffusion constant
C)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
D)  increasing the surface area for diffusionE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Accepted Answer

A)  mud.
B)  air.
C)  water.
D)  blood.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  reptiles
B)  mammals
C)  amphibians
D)  birdsE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  varies depending on the altitude.
B)  is about 21.0%.
C)  is inversely proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen.
D)  is about 0.03%.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The axolotl, an aquatic amphibian, uses ______ for gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)  papulae
B)  internal gills
C)  external gills
D)  lungsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior air sacs
B)  trachea
C)  spiracles
D)  esophagusE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

During exercise, the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Accepted Answer

A)  3%
B)  22%
C)  35%
D)  75%E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Imagine that you have been transported light years away to another planet with water-filled oceans.This distant planet has a barometric pressure of 1,000 mm Hg at sea level and air that contains 15 percent O2.Would you take in much more oxygen, much less oxygen, or about the same amount of oxygen per breath on this planet as you would on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  much less oxygen on the distant planet
B)  much more oxygen on the distant planet
C)  about the same amount of oxygen as on EarthD) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 12

Ciliated gills in clams, sharks continuously swimming with their mouths partly open, countercurrent flow of blood and water in fish gills, and the use of air sacs to effect unidirectional flow of air through bird lungs are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  D
B)  A
C)   Δ\DeltaΔ p
D)  d E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the gas molecule.
B)  which membrane transport proteins are present.
C)  the width of the membrane.
D)  the concentration difference of the gas on the two sides of the membrane.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilize air sacs.
B)  have similar partial pressures of oxygen in the environmental medium.
C)  have unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange surfaces.
D)  employ countercurrent exchange.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the diffusion constant
B)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
C)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
D)  increasing the concentration differenceE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

In the above graph, curve _______ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin, curve _______ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years) , and curve _______ is most likely that of myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A)  B, C, A
B)  C, B, A
C)  A, B, C
D)  B, A, CE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO)  during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO binds more tightly to carbonic anhydrase than does carbon dioxide.
B)  CO binds to oxygen, and the CO-oxygen complex cannot bind to hemoglobin.
C)  CO coats the surfaces of the alveoli, preventing diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
D)  CO binds more tightly to hemoglobin than does oxygen.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs, whereas all the others have tidal flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals
B)  amphibians
C)  birds
D)  reptilesE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion.
B)  facilitated transport.
C)  bulk flow.
D)  active transport.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the diffusion constant for each gas
C)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
D)  increasing the concentration difference driving diffusionE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 48: The Respiratory System

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Correct Answer
verified

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Correct Answer
verified

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both______________.

Correct Answer
verified

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Correct Answer
verified

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Correct Answer
verified

In the above graph, curve ___ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin, curve _ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years) , and curve _____ is most likely that of myoglobin.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Correct Answer
verified

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Correct Answer
verified

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.

Correct Answer
verified

During exercise, the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Correct Answer
verified

The axolotl, an aquatic amphibian, uses ______ for gas exchange.

Correct Answer
verified

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs, whereas all the others have tidal flow?

Correct Answer
verified

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Correct Answer
verified

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 48: The Respiratory System

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During exercise, the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The axolotl, an aquatic amphibian, uses ______ for gas exchange.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs, whereas all the others have tidal flow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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