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Selling a call option is generally more valuable than exercising the option because of the option's:


A) riskless value.
B) intrinsic value.
C) standard deviation.
D) exercise price.
E) time premium.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Use the information below to answer the following question. Use the information below to answer the following question.   Assume a stock price of $42; a risk-free rate of 3.5 percent per year, compounded continuously; a six-month maturity; and a standard deviation of 64 percent per year. If a six-month call with an exercise price of $45 is priced at $6.66, what is the price of the six-month $45 put? A)  $8.57 B)  $7.93 C)  $8.88 D)  $9.07 E)  $8.74 Assume a stock price of $42; a risk-free rate of 3.5 percent per year, compounded continuously; a six-month maturity; and a standard deviation of 64 percent per year. If a six-month call with an exercise price of $45 is priced at $6.66, what is the price of the six-month $45 put?


A) $8.57
B) $7.93
C) $8.88
D) $9.07
E) $8.74

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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If the risk-free rate is 6.5 percent compounded annually, what is the continuously compounded risk-free rate equal to?


A) 1/ln1.065
B) 6.10%
C) ln1.065
D) 6.24%
E) e¹.⁰⁶⁵ − 1

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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A stock is priced at $52.90 a share, the 3-month $45 call is priced at $9.31 a share, and the risk-free rate is 4.5 percent, compounded continuously. What is the value of the 3-month put with a strike price of $45?


A) $.57
B) $.63
C) $.91
D) $1.36
E) $1.54

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A put option that expires in eight months with an exercise price of $55 sells for $7.34. The stock is currently priced at $52, and the risk-free rate is 3.1 percent per year, compounded continuously. What is the price of a call option with the same exercise price and expiration date?


A) $5.67
B) $5.47
C) $5.34
D) $4.71
E) $4.92

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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You invest $2,500 today at 5.5 percent, compounded continuously. How much will this investment be worth 12 years from now?


A) $3,728
B) $4,837
C) $4,311
D) $3,422
E) $3,791

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Use the information below to answer the following question. Use the information below to answer the following question.   Upside Down has a zero coupon bond issue outstanding with a $10,000 face value that matures in one year. The current market value of the firm's assets is $12,400 while the standard deviation of the returns on those assets is 22 percent annually. The annual risk-free rate is 4.6 percent, compounded continuously. What is the market value of the firm's debt based on the Black-Scholes model? A)  $8,415 B)  $8,900 C)  $9,413 D)  $8,962 E)  $9,311 Upside Down has a zero coupon bond issue outstanding with a $10,000 face value that matures in one year. The current market value of the firm's assets is $12,400 while the standard deviation of the returns on those assets is 22 percent annually. The annual risk-free rate is 4.6 percent, compounded continuously. What is the market value of the firm's debt based on the Black-Scholes model?


A) $8,415
B) $8,900
C) $9,413
D) $8,962
E) $9,311

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The value of an option is equal to the:


A) intrinsic value minus the time premium.
B) time premium plus the intrinsic value.
C) implied standard deviation plus the intrinsic value.
D) summation of the intrinsic value, the time premium, and the implied standard deviation.
E) summation of delta, theta, vega, and rho.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A purely financial merger:


A) increases the risk that the merged firm will default on its debt obligations.
B) has no effect on the risk level of the firm's debt.
C) reduces the value of the option to go bankrupt.
D) has no effect on the equity value of a firm.
E) reduces the risk level of the firm thereby increasing the value of the firm's equity.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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For the equity of a firm to be considered a call option on the firm's assets, the firm must:


A) be in default.
B) be leveraged.
C) pay dividends.
D) have a negative cash flow from operations.
E) have a negative cash flow from assets.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Travis owns a stock that is currently valued at $45.80 a share. He is concerned that the stock price may decline so he just purchased a put option on the stock with an exercise price of $45. Which one of the following terms applies to this strategy?


A) Put-call parity
B) Covered call
C) Protective put
D) Straddle
E) Strangle

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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All of the following affect the value of a call option except the:


A) strike price.
B) stock price.
C) standard deviation of the returns on a risk-free asset.
D) continuously compounded risk-free rate.
E) time to maturity.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Use the information below to answer the following question. Use the information below to answer the following question.   S&C Co. has a zero coupon bond issue outstanding with a face value of $20,000 that matures in one year. The current market value of the firm's assets is $23,000. The standard deviation of the return on the firm's assets is 52 percent per year, and the annual risk-free rate is 6 percent per year, compounded continuously. What is the firm's continuously compounded cost of debt? A)  11.24 percent B)  20.32 percent C)  16.48 percent D)  18.69 percent E)  17.09 percent S&C Co. has a zero coupon bond issue outstanding with a face value of $20,000 that matures in one year. The current market value of the firm's assets is $23,000. The standard deviation of the return on the firm's assets is 52 percent per year, and the annual risk-free rate is 6 percent per year, compounded continuously. What is the firm's continuously compounded cost of debt?


A) 11.24 percent
B) 20.32 percent
C) 16.48 percent
D) 18.69 percent
E) 17.09 percent

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Assume a stock price of $34.80, an exercise price of $35, nine months to expiration, risk-free rate of 2.40 percent, standard deviation of 57 percent, and a d₁ value of .27167. What is the value of d₂ as it is used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model?


A) −.22196
B) −.18657
C) −.18241
D) −.27427
E) −.22238

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Today, you purchased 300 shares of Lazy Z stock for $49.80 per share. You also bought three 1-year, $50 put options on Lazy Z stock at a cost of $.55 per share. What is the maximum total amount you can lose over the next year on these purchases?


A) −$15,105
B) −$11,050
C) −$160
D) −$105
E) $0

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which one of the five factors included in the Black-Scholes option pricing model cannot be directly observed?


A) Risk-free rate
B) Strike price
C) Standard deviation
D) Stock price
E) Life of the option

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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Assume a stock price of $31.18, risk-free rate of 3.6 percent, standard deviation of 44 percent, N(d₁) value of .62789, and an N(d₂) value of .54232. What is the value of a 3-month call option with a strike price of $30 given the Black-Scholes option pricing model?


A) $3.38
B) $3.99
C) $3.68
D) $1.76
E) $3.45

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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A firm has assets of $16.4 million and 2-year, zero-coupon, risky bonds with a total face value of $7.4 million. The bonds have a total current market value of $7.1 million. The shareholders of this firm can change these risky bonds into risk-free bonds by purchasing a ________ option with a 2-year life and a strike price of ________ million.


A) call; $7.1
B) call; $7.4
C) put; $16.4
D) put; $7.1
E) put; $7.4

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The primary purpose of a protective put is to:


A) ensure a maximum purchase price in the future.
B) offset an equivalent call option.
C) limit the downside risk of asset ownership.
D) lock in a risk-free rate of return on a financial asset.
E) increase the upside potential return on an investment.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Purely financial mergers:


A) are beneficial to stockholders.
B) are beneficial to both stockholders and bondholders.
C) are detrimental to stockholders.
D) add value to both the total assets and the total equity of a firm.
E) reduce both the total assets and the total equity of a firm.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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