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What is the correct ratio of fossil fuel consumption between the MDCs and LDCs?


A) MDCs 60% vs.LDCs 40%
B) MDCs 40% vs.LDCs 60%
C) MDCs 22% vs.LDCs 78%
D) MDCs 50% vs.LDCs 50%
E) MDCs 80% vs.LDCs 20%

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Above is a life history table for a minnow (small fish) .Based on this table,what type of survivorship curve do these animals have?


A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
E) Type V

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Above is a life history table for a minnow (small fish) .Based on this table,how many years until the population drops to less than 50% of its original population?


A) < 1
B) > 1
C) 1-2
D) 2
E) 3

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Prairie dogs are highly social,burrow dwelling rodents.Families have a strict social hierarchy and their "towns" can span hundreds of acres.In one colony,750 animals live in a 500m2 area.What is the population density?


A) 15
B) 1.5
C) 150
D) 2.5
E) 25

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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The growth rate continues to rise in some Asian countries.This is because


A) there is a higher number of reproductive individuals compared to postreproductive individuals.
B) there is a higher number of postreproductive and reproductive individuals compared to prereproductive individuals.
C) there is a higher number of prereproductive and reproductive individuals compared to postreproductive individuals.
D) there is an equal number of prereproductive and reproductive individuals.
E) there are more postreproductive individuals compared to prereproductive individuals.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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During a recent hurricane,25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida.Prior to this event,this species did not inhabit the island,but with the ample vegetation on the island and a lack of predators,the displaced individuals were able to survive and reproduce.After several years,the population stabilized with approximately 150 individuals.The 150 individuals on the island is an example of the


A) density-dependent factors.
B) biotic potential.
C) exponential growth.
D) logistic growth.
E) carrying capacity.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The birthrate in a small town is 14 per 1,000 per year and the death rate is 5 per 1,000 per year.What is the annual growth rate for this town?


A) 9%
B) 0.9%
C) 19%
D) 1.9%
E) 0.19%

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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During a recent hurricane,25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida.When the butterflies first arrived on the island,they remained in the southeast corner of the island where most of the flowering plants had not been destroyed or uprooted by the high winds and seas during the hurricane.What type of distribution do these butterflies exhibit?


A) clumped
B) random
C) dispersed
D) uniform
E) even

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?


A) parasitism
B) males fighting for access to females
C) wolf packs in territory disputes
D) spread of West Nile virus among chickadees
E) flooding after heavy rains

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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During a summer with lots of rain,the vegetation grew lush and the white-footed mouse populations increased due to increases in food availability.However,the next two summers were record drought years and food became increasingly scarce.Over these two years,the population size of the mice decreased due to increased competition for access to food.This increased competition is an example of


A) a density independent factor.
B) a negative growth rate.
C) a density dependent factor.
D) an opportunistic population.
E) logistic growth.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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Jacob is studying a population of wrens in Michigan.Over several years,he notices that the population always stabilizing at around 45 individuals.Forty-five individuals is


A) the density.
B) the growth rate.
C) a density dependent factor.
D) a density independent factor.
E) the carrying capacity.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of opportunistic populations?


A) short life span
B) short time to reach sexual maturity
C) production of many offspring
D) little or no parental care
E) logistic growth

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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This photo is an example of a(n) This photo is an example of a(n)    A)  population. B)  community. C)  ecosystem. D)  biosphere. E)  equilibrium population.


A) population.
B) community.
C) ecosystem.
D) biosphere.
E) equilibrium population.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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If the fishing village of Hopkins Belize is experiencing a decreasing population.What should they do if they wish to reverse this trend and see the greatest amount of population growth in the next 10 years? If the fishing village of Hopkins Belize is experiencing a decreasing population.What should they do if they wish to reverse this trend and see the greatest amount of population growth in the next 10 years?   A)  Increase the number of individuals in the pre reproductive stage B)  Increase the number of individuals in the post reproductive stage C)  Increase the number of individuals in the reproductive stage D)  Increase the amount of medical care available for its residents E)  Increase the economic opportunities for the members of the community


A) Increase the number of individuals in the pre reproductive stage
B) Increase the number of individuals in the post reproductive stage
C) Increase the number of individuals in the reproductive stage
D) Increase the amount of medical care available for its residents
E) Increase the economic opportunities for the members of the community

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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If a population of 200 squirrels has a 10 percent growth rate each year,how many individuals will there born in the next year?


A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100
E) 200

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following represents a Type III survivorship curve?


A) Spiders produce egg sacs with thousands of offspring but only a few survive to adulthood.
B) Each spring an oak tree drops thousands of seeds but only a few will ever reach sexual maturity.
C) Daphnia produce offspring every 3 weeks. One Daphnia produces 8 young and after 1.5 weeks 4 of these individuals are still alive.
D) Bald eagles return to the same mates and nests each year. They typically have 2-3 eggs and with parental care provided by both parents, the survival rate of the chicks is high.
E) As adults, female leatherback sea turtles return to the beaches where they hatched to lay their own brood. One female produces approximately 600 eggs, but at least 400 of these will be eaten before they ever reach the ocean.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Organisms are more likely to face extinction if they have which of the following characteristics?


A) restricted geographic ranges
B) broad habitat tolerance
C) large local populations
D) extensive geographic ranges
E) high biotic potential

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Meghan is studying interactions between caribou and their wolf predators.This is an example of ___________ ecology.


A) population
B) community
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) demographic

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Jacob is studying a population of wrens in Michigan.Over several years,he notices that the population always stabilizing at around 45 individuals.What is the reason for this?


A) population at maximum density
B) death rate higher than birth rate
C) exponential growth
D) limited resources to support additional birds
E) slow lag phase

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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Different populations living in the same geographical region is a(n)


A) organism.
B) population.
C) community.
D) ecosystem.
E) biosphere.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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