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Which statement is true?


A) Most people would put in a maximum workweek of 48 hours no matter what the pay.
B) As one's income rises,eventually the income effect outweighs the substitution effect.
C) As one's income rises,eventually the substitution effect outweighs the income effect.
D) The "backward bending" supply curve is not really backward bending.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Some conservative economists want to help more teenagers to find jobs by


A) providing a government jobs program.
B) raising the minimum wage rate for teenagers.
C) lowering the minimum wage rate for teenagers.
D) requiring every business with more than 25 employees to hire at least one teenager for each three new employees hireD.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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C

  -Which statement is false? A) According to the theory of the dual labor market,the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. B) The dual labor market theory does not account for the huge middle level of occupations-such as nursing,teaching,and social work. C) Most poorer people tend to find jobs in the primary labor market,according to the theory of the dual labor market. D) None of the statements are false. -Which statement is false?


A) According to the theory of the dual labor market,the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor.
B) The dual labor market theory does not account for the huge middle level of occupations-such as nursing,teaching,and social work.
C) Most poorer people tend to find jobs in the primary labor market,according to the theory of the dual labor market.
D) None of the statements are false.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Sean Malloy made $360,000 in 2002,the base year.By 2006 he was earning $480,000.If the CPI rose 120 by 2006,how much were his real wages that year,and by what percentage had they changed?

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\[\begin{aligned} \text { Real wage } ( 2006 ) & = \frac { \text { Money wages } ( 2006 ) } { \text { CPI } ( 2006 ) } \times 100 \\ & = \$ 4,000 \\ & = \$ 400,000 \\ \text { Percentage change } & = \frac { \text { change } } { \text { original number } } = \frac { \$ 40,000 } { \$ 360,000 } \\ & = \frac { 1 } { 9 } = 11.1 \% \end{aligned}\]

The backward-bending section of the labor supply curve suggests that


A) there is no income effect.
B) the income effect outweighs the substitution effect at those higher wage levels.
C) the substitution effect outweighs the income effect at those higher wage levels.
D) None of the choices are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Compared to 1973,real wages are about _____% _______ (higher/lower).

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Bob Smith's money wages rose from $32,000 to $48,000,while the CPI rose by 50%.His real wages


A) fell by 50%.
B) stayed the same.
C) rose by 25%.
D) rose by 50%.
E) rose by 75%.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The marginal revenue product schedule is


A) a supply schedule.
B) a demand schedule.
C) neither a demand nor supply schedule.

D) A) and B)
E) None of the above

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B

If Bart's money wages doubled from 2013 to 2018 and the consumer price index rose by 50%,we would know that Bart's real wages


A) fell by 50%.
B) stayed about the same.
C) rose by less than 50%.
D) doubleD.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Since 1996,productivity growth has ________ and real wages have ______.


A) risen;risen
B) fallen;fallen
C) risen;fallen
D) fallen;risen

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Statement I: To move from the secondary to the primary labor market,a college degree is a necessary condition,but not a sufficient condition. Statement II: There were huge expansions of the college population during the late 1940s and from the late 1960s to the early 1970s.


A) Statement I is true and statement II is false.
B) Statement II is true and statement I is false.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Who made this statement? "The really exhausting and the really repulsive labours,instead of being better paid than others,are almost invariably paid the worst of all.....The hardships and the earnings,instead of being directly proportional,as in any just arrangements of society they would be,are generally in an inverse ratio to one another."


A) John Stuart Mill
B) John Maynard Keynes
C) Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi
D) Beth Schulman
E) Barbara Ehrenreich

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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If the legal minimum wage rate were set at $15/hour,


A) employment would decline substantially.
B) employment would decline slightly.
C) employment would not be affected.
D) employment would rise slightly.
E) employment would rise substantially.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Many conservative economists want to __________ the minimum wage.


A) raise
B) lower
C) abolish

D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

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Among these countries,which has the highest hourly wage and fringe benefits in manufacturing?


A) Germany
B) Japan
C) The U.S.
D) Canada

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In which year were real average hourly wages the highest?


A) 1973
B) 1983
C) 1993
D) 2007

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Ms.Mandelblatt made $25,000 in 1990,the base year.By 1995 she was earning $40,000.If the CPI was at 150 by 1995,how much were Ms.Mandelblatt real wages that year and by what percentage had they changed since 1990?

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Today a college graduate earns about $____ while a high school graduate earns about $_____.


A) 70,000;24,000
B) 53,000;32,000
C) 53,000;24,000
D) 70,000;32,000

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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If the minimum wage were abolished,the employment of unskilled and inexperienced workers would


A) rise.
B) fall.
C) stay the same.

D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT true about the theory of the dual labor market?


A) It is a class theory of employment.
B) The dividing line between the primary and secondary markets is whether you have a college degree.
C) Jobs in the secondary market pay better than those in the primary market.
D) This theory does not take into account the huge middle level of occupations-nursing,social work,and non-college-graduate positions in insurance,banking,and retailing.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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