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Which of the following statements about product line extensions is most accurate?


A) A product line extension strategy typically leads to increased advertising costs.
B) There are no risks associated with a product line extension strategy.
C) When the Clorox Company joins with Kroger supermarkets to advertise Clorox products in a local newspaper,it is engaged in a product line extension.
D) A product line extension is a form of multiproduct branding.
E) A product line extension is a form of multibranding.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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The four steps in the sequential process of building the brand equity pyramid include: (1) developing positive brand awareness; (2) establishing a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers; (3) __________;and (4) creating an intense,active,and loyal consumer-brand connection.


A) forming a brand personality
B) easing consumers' decision making
C) developing brand licensing criteria
D) rewarding loyal customer behavior
E) eliciting the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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The strategy of trading down involves __________.


A) adding product features but using lower quality product materials
B) reducing product features and but using higher quality product materials or ingredients
C) reducing the number of features,quality,or price of a product
D) seeking a less price-sensitive target market
E) changing to a mass merchandiser retailer like Walmart or Target

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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For many years,Kellogg's Frosted Flakes,a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal,was perceived as a cereal for children.Tony the Tiger,a cartoon character,extolled Frosted Flakes,and advertisements depicted children enjoying the product with Tony in competitive situations.Recently,in response to declining sales of Frosted Flakes,the cereal-maker has adopted a new series of advertisements that show adults admitting that they enjoy Frosted Flakes,too.Kellogg's is attempting to __________.


A) develop a perceptual map for Frosted Flakes
B) reposition Frosted Flakes
C) complete the Frosted Flakes product life cycle
D) introduce a new product line extension for Frosted Flakes
E) position Frosted Flakes

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Industry analysts estimate that the number of e-mail mailboxes worldwide will grow to __________ by 2016.


A) 2.1 billion
B) 2.5 billion
C) 3.1 billion
D) 3.5 billion
E) 4.3 billion

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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One of the primary benefits of branding for consumers is that branding __________.


A) identifies products of highest quality
B) guarantees lowest prices
C) makes decision making easier for consumers
D) indicates that products have more features
E) makes advertising unnecessary

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The concept of the diffusion of innovation shows how a product "diffuses" or spreads through the population over time.The consumer population is divided into five categories of product adopters based on when they adopt (i.e. ,first buy) a new product.Each product adopter category has a unique profile.Consumers who are leaders in social setting,and have slightly above average education are called __________ product adopters.


A) innovators
B) early adopters
C) early majority
D) late majority
E) laggards

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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The consumers represented by "D" in Figure 11-5 above are called __________.


A) innovators
B) late majority
C) early majority
D) early adopters
E) laggards

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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In 1984,IBM launched the "PCjr," its first low-priced,educational/home personal computer.Sales were poor because IBM most likely violated which criterion of picking a good brand name?


A) The name was not distinctive nor memorable.
B) The name did not fit the company image.
C) The name had too many legal restrictions.
D) The name was too confusing with both capital and lowercase letters.
E) The name failed to suggest the product benefits.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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3M is a master of the __________ pricing strategy.According to a 3M manager,"We hit fast,price high,and get the heck out when the me-too products pour in."


A) penetration
B) cost-plus
C) ROI
D) market-oriented
E) skimming

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which stage in the product life cycle is characterized by a rapid increase in sales and the appearance of competitors?


A) maturity
B) decline
C) growth
D) accelerated development
E) introduction

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available.These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to 5 times,after which they must be discarded.Unfortunately,the production process cannot be patented,so competitors could enter the market within a year.Which of the following would be the LEAST sound marketing program decision?


A) Select a skimming pricing strategy to position the product as "premium."
B) Seek widespread distribution to gain a foothold in what might be a potentially huge market.
C) Limit production capacity until you are certain consumers will actually want the product.
D) Avoid a connection to the Eveready brand until the product has proven itself.
E) Use multiple brand names to discourage other competitors from entering the market.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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If you were a marketing manager and were presented with the information in the UMD11: CDI/BDI Marketing Dashboard above,you would determine that the __________ segment has the MOST opportunity for increasing Hawaiian Punch sales.


A) households without children
B) households with children 13 to 18 years old
C) households with children 6 years old or under
D) households with children 7 to 12 years old
E) According to the BDI,all though some segments measure above a 100,there is still great opportunity for growth in every segment.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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During the introduction stage of the product life cycle,the strategy that discourages competitive entry by charging a low price for a new product is referred to as __________ pricing.


A) penetration
B) cost-plus
C) target ROI
D) below-market
E) skimming

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A product manager is sometimes called a __________.


A) chief marketing officer (CMO)
B) brand manager
C) marketing manager
D) category manager
E) sales manager

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Xerox pioneered the first portable fax machine.In 1980,the price was $12,700.Xerox used a(n) __________ pricing strategy to help recover its research and development costs.


A) penetration
B) cost-plus
C) skimming
D) target ROI
E) above-market

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Gillette spent $200 million in advertising to introduce the Fusion razor to male shavers.Such expenditures are often made to stimulate primary demand,or desire for the product __________,rather than for a specific brand,when there are few competitors with the same product.


A) class
B) form
C) item
D) mix
E) concept

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Figure 11-4 above shows that in 2007,digital music (mp3) downloads were in which stage of the product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) harvest
E) decline

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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As product adopters,innovators


A) have a fear debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome,highly educated,and use multiple information sources.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The concept of the diffusion of innovation shows how a product "diffuses" or spreads through the population over time.The consumer population is divided into five categories of product adopters based on when they adopt (i.e. ,first buy) a new product.Each product adopter category has a unique profile.Consumers who have a fear of debt and depend on neighbors and friends as their information sources are called __________ product adopters.


A) innovators
B) early adopters
C) early majority
D) late majority
E) laggards

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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